全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4238篇 |
免费 | 236篇 |
国内免费 | 421篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1443篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 38篇 |
综合类 | 29篇 |
数学 | 2887篇 |
物理学 | 487篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 56篇 |
2022年 | 71篇 |
2021年 | 82篇 |
2020年 | 124篇 |
2019年 | 128篇 |
2018年 | 126篇 |
2017年 | 111篇 |
2016年 | 82篇 |
2015年 | 96篇 |
2014年 | 152篇 |
2013年 | 602篇 |
2012年 | 115篇 |
2011年 | 163篇 |
2010年 | 136篇 |
2009年 | 211篇 |
2008年 | 250篇 |
2007年 | 272篇 |
2006年 | 250篇 |
2005年 | 232篇 |
2004年 | 225篇 |
2003年 | 210篇 |
2002年 | 184篇 |
2001年 | 146篇 |
2000年 | 142篇 |
1999年 | 118篇 |
1998年 | 112篇 |
1997年 | 120篇 |
1996年 | 71篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4895条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Solubility and Crystallizability: Facile Access to Functionalized π‐Conjugated Compounds with Chlorendylimide Protecting Groups 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Jan Gebers Damien Rolland Dr. Roman Marty Dr. Stéphane Suàrez Luca Cervini Dr. Rosario Scopelliti Dr. Jan Cornelius Brauer Prof. Dr. Holger Frauenrath 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(4):1542-1553
Functional π‐conjugated molecules are relevant for the preparation of new organic electronic materials with improved performance. However, their synthesis is often rendered difficult by their inherently low solubility, and the permanent attachment of solubilizing groups may change the properties of the material. Here, we introduced the chlorendylimidyl moiety as a new temporary protecting group for the straightforward large‐scale synthesis of protected quarter‐, sexi‐, octathiophene, and perylene bisimide diamine and dicarboxylic acid derivatives. The obtained chlorendylimides and chlorendylimidyl active esters were highly soluble in organic solvents, and optical spectroscopy confirmed the low tendency of the compounds to aggregate in solution. At the same time, they could be conveniently purified by recrystallization or precipitation. Single‐crystal X‐ray structures obtained for most compounds showed supramolecular motifs highlighting the role of the rigid, polychlorinated chlorendyl moieties in their crystallization. The obtained protected diamine and dicarboxylic acid derivatives were easily deprotected and converted into various amide‐substituted oligothiophenes and perylene bisimides that are of interest as new functional materials for organic electronic thin film or nanowire devices. 相似文献
12.
Konstantinos Tsouvalas 《代数通讯》2018,46(8):3397-3412
We define Euler characteristics on classes of residually finite and virtually torsion free groups and we show that they satisfy certain formulas in the case of amalgamated free products and HNN extensions over finite subgroups. These formulas are obtained from a general result which applies to the rank gradient and the first L2?Betti number of a finitely generated group. 相似文献
13.
Dr. Isabella A. Vacchi Shi Guo Dr. Jésus Raya Dr. Alberto Bianco Dr. Cécilia Ménard-Moyon 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(29):6591-6598
Graphene oxide (GO) is a versatile platform with unique properties that have found broad applications in the biomedical field. Double functionalization is a key aspect in the design of multifunctional GO with combined imaging, targeting, and therapeutic properties. Compared to noncovalent functionalization, covalent strategies lead to GO conjugates with a higher stability in biological fluids. However, only a few double covalent functionalization approaches have been developed so far. The complexity of GO makes the derivatization of the oxygenated groups difficult to control. The combination of a nucleophilic epoxide ring opening with the derivatization of the hydroxyl groups through esterification or Williamson reaction was investigated. The conditions were selective and mild, thus preserving the structure of GO. Our strategy of double functionalization holds great potential for different applications in which the derivatization of GO with different molecules is needed, especially in the biomedical field. 相似文献
14.
15.
In this paper, for a finite group, we investigate to what extent its directed (resp. undirected) reduced power graph determines its directed power graph (resp. reduced power graph). Moreover, we investigate the determination of the orders of the elements of a finite group from its directed (resp. undirected) reduced power graph. Consequently, we show that some classes of finite groups are recognizable from their undirected reduced power graphs. Also, we study the relationship between the isomorphism classes of groups corresponding to the equivalence relations induced by the isomorphism of each of these graphs on the set of all finite groups. 相似文献
16.
Let be an abelian group. A finite multiset A over G is said to give a λ-fold factorization of G if there exists a multiset B over G such that each element of G occurs λ times in the multiset . In this article, restricting G to a cyclic group, we will provide sufficient conditions on a given multiset A under which the exact value or an upper bound of the minimum multiplicity λ of a factorization of G can be given by introducing a concept of ‘lcm-closure’. Furthermore, a couple of properties on a given factor A will be shown when A has a prime or prime power order (cardinality). A relation to multifold factorizations of the set of integers will be also glanced at a general perspective. 相似文献
17.
Timothy Buttsworth 《Mathematische Nachrichten》2019,292(4):747-759
Let G be a three‐dimensional unimodular Lie group, and let T be a left‐invariant symmetric (0,2)‐tensor field on G. We provide the necessary and sufficient conditions on T for the existence of a pair consisting of a left‐invariant Riemannian metric g and a positive constant c such that , where is the Ricci curvature of g. We also discuss the uniqueness of such pairs and show that, in most cases, there exists at most one positive constant c such that is solvable for some left‐invariant Riemannian metric g. 相似文献
18.
19.
Shai Shechter 《Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra》2019,223(10):4384-4425
Let be a complete discrete valuation ring with finite residue field of odd characteristic, and let G be a symplectic or special orthogonal group scheme over . For any let denote the ?-th principal congruence subgroup of . An irreducible character of the group is said to be regular if it is trivial on a subgroup for some ?, and if its restriction to consists of characters of minimal -stabilizer dimension. In the present paper we consider the regular characters of such classical groups over , and construct and enumerate all regular characters of , when the characteristic of is greater than two. As a result, we compute the regular part of their representation zeta function. 相似文献
20.